According to Dieter Dettke, Germanys refusal to participate in the Iraq war signaled a resumption of the countrys willingness to assert itself in global affairs, even in the face of contradictory U.S. desires.Germany Says No reviews the countrys actions in major international crises from the first Gulf War to the war with Iraq, concludingin contrast to many models of contemporary German foreign policythat the countrys civilian power paradigm has been succeeded by a defensive structural realist approach. Dettke traces the implications of this change for Germanys participation in multilateral institutions as well as bilateral relations with the U.S., France, Russia, China, and India.