A New York Times Notable Book of 2019A unique exploration of the life and work of Rudyard Kipling in Gilded Age America, from a celebrated scholar of American literatureAt the turn of the twentieth century, Rudyard Kipling towered over not just English literature but the entire literary world. At the height of his fame in 1907, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, becoming its youngest winner. His influence on major figuresincluding Freud and William Jameswas pervasive and profound. But in recent decades Kiplings reputation has suffered a strange eclipse. Though his body of work still looms large, and his monumental poem If is quoted and referenced by politicians, athletes, and ordinary readers alike, his unabashed imperialist views have come under increased scrutiny. In If, scholar Christopher Benfey brings this fascinating and complex writer to life and, for the first time, gives full attention to Kiplings intense engagement with the United Statesa rarely discussed but critical piece of evidence in our understanding of this man and his enduring legacy.Benfey traces the writers deep involvement with America over one crucial decade, from 1889 to 1899, when he lived for four years in Brattleboro, Vermont, and sought deliberately to turn himself into a specifically American writer. It was his most prodigious and creative period, as well as his happiest, during which he wrote The Jungle Book and Captains Courageous. Had a family dispute not forced his departure, Kipling almost certainly would have stayed. Leaving was the hardest thing he ever had to do, Kipling said. There are only two places in the world where I want to live, he lamented, Bombay and Brattleboro. And I cant live in either.In this fresh examination of Kipling, Benfey hangs a provocative what if over Kiplings American years and maps the imprint Kipling left on his adopted country as well as the imprint the country left on him. If proves there is relevance and magnificence to be found in Kiplings work.