Regardless of their expatriate residence, 19th and 20thcentury American artists have viewed their destinies as linked inextricably to that of the United States. Antithetical to progressive democratic ideals has been the embedded class structure found by expatriate artists in European and Latin American communities, and as such, new interpretive approaches to public and private issues such as society reform and racial and ethnic equality provided the crucible for many American artists. In this way, American expatriate artists have been cultural arbiters between various histories and legacies within and outside the United States. This collection of essays by noted art history scholars explores the experiences and legacies of these artists, offering a depiction of their art as being informed both by native traditions and American individualism. Though often a subject of literary studies, expatriatism has too long been overlooked in the visual arts; this excellent volume serves both as a corrective and as a muchneeded addition to current scholarship.We see these combinations, these paradoxes, in Mary Cassatts Spanish figures; in the Impressionist ties of the American colonies at Grez near the Barbizon forest; in Savages allegorical subjects; in Franciss painterly allusions; in Sargents guarded approaches to his foreign subjects; in Klumpkes feminism; in Whistlers innovations. Arguably, expatriate artists have delighted in an explicit marginalityone that, in turn, creates an inchoate definition of American art. Though often a subject of literary studies, expatriatism has too long been overlooked in the visual arts; this excellent volume serves both as a corrective and as a muchneeded addition to current scholarship.